Fifty years after Franco: Spain’s profound transformation, 1975-2025
General Franco died 50 years ago, but Spain bore no resemblance to the country he took over after winning the 1936-39 Civil War.
Influence and image of Spain
Climate change takes its toll on Spain
Spain’s average daily high temperature has risen nearly 2ºC over the past 50 years, marking a significant shift in climate trends.
The defence dilemma: can Spain ride Europe’s defence revival?
What are the main strategic, technological, and regulatory changes in the EU's defence policy, and what is Spain's position on these developments?
Forty years on from signing up to the EEC
Forty years on, Spain’s EU membership remains both a success story and a source of new challenges, having shaped the nation’s path.
The impact of the NGEU funds begins to be felt
Spain is the second largest recipient, after Italy, of grants and loans under the NextGenerationEU (NGEU) programme.
Spain under pressure to spend more on defence
Spain’s defence expenditure is the lowest among the 32 NATO members. The government is finding it politically difficult to increase it.
Some brighter spots in education
Spain has made significant progress in reducing early school-leaving rates, a long-standing challenge in its education system.
New narratives for the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla
Renewing the narratives about Ceuta and Melilla is key to emphasise their status as democratic European spaces.
The middle class recovers
The middle class grew until the 2008 economic crash, declined during COVID, and has now returned to its previous share of the population.
What passes through foreigners’ minds when they think about Madrid
The image Madrid projects abroad, lacking diversity and overlapping with that of Spain, does not reflect the reality shown by the data.
A buoyant economy, marred by an overheated property market
Spain's economy led in 2024's macroeconomic data, with the focus now on tackling the escalating housing crisis.
Spain’s stressful water problem
Spain has been hit by torrential rain, causing deadly flooding, and by drought, all caused by country's persistent water management issues.
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